Internal-combustion engine.



U-I-LONGENBGKBR. INTERNAL COMBU$TION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 7, 1907. 908, 1 1 2.

Patented Dec. 29, 1908.

G JZT 37613565:

arren s Ive/9 08,1152.

. To all whom it may concern:

PATENT F-FICE.

CHARLES I. LONGENECKER, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TOINTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

. INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

' Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is a completespecification.

This-intention relates to means for properly effecting the vaporizationand mixing of the charge before-being introduced into thecombustion-chamber, and is designed. more articularly for application toengines using w gra'i'ity 0115, such as kerosene and crude Therobject inview is to secure a mo'rsprfect mixture andcoinbustion of the char e,

and hence ahighe'rfuel' efficiency, and a so to o'x'ercoine the severeshocks or concuslesions usually attending t u e of heawy oils B'Xplosiveengines;

, The results above mentioned are largely secured readmitting arelatively sma portion oftheexhaust gasto the combustion chamber andutilizing ,-th.is ortion so readmitted both to draw in an to heat-theoil for the charge. 7 Th preferred construction of the improvement. isillustrated in' the accompanying drawings, in which- 1 Figure '1represents ar'ea'r viewof the cylinder of an engine with the improvedvaporizer appearing partially in side elevation and i c derwith thevaporizer appearing in end- -e ovation.

partly in section in connection therewith. F1 2 1s a side view of therear end of the Fig. '3 isa cross'section of the air inlet pipe, takenon theline3-3 of Fig. 1 Fig. 4 shows a fragmentary longitudinal sectionof the dischargejend of the heating chamber, the view being taken asindicated by the line 14in Fig. 2 andZFi 5is a detail showing the paninwhich isurned the der, only oil for heating the "chamber in start tothe cylinder withoutfbeing heated, as is ing. v Referring to the severalfigures, the cylina portion of which 18 shown, is designated by 1 2designates the exhaust; ipe, and 3 the passageway through which .t e airandfuel are conducted to the combustion chamber. That portion of thepassageway 3' which lies 'adjacent to the cylinder 1 constitutes themixing chamber 4. themixingchamber, said nozzle communi-' A nozzle 5 islocated in Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed December'1, 1907. Serial No. 465,536.

' ber.

' the position indicate Patented Dec. 29', 1908.

eating, through the vertical chaiiiiel 6 and the transfersely extendingchannel 6 (see' The supply and overflow pipes exhaust pipe 2, and theexhaust channel thereof in effect constitutes a portion of the saidexhaust pipe. The heating chamber comprises'the interior channel 11 forthe exhaust gases which enter therein through the pipe 2 and dischargetherefrom through a continuation 2 of'said exhaust pipe. Surrounding theexhaust channel 11 is a casing 12 inclosing the passageway through whichthe air is admitted to the: heating cham- The longitudinally extendingwalls 13, which terminate. a short distance fromflthe forward end ofsaid heating chamber 10 and are arranged on either side thereof(seeFigs. 1 and 2), divide the said passageway into a lower channel 14,through which the air enters, and an upper channel 15, through which theair returns, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 1, and flows to. thecylinder through the airpassageway 3 and mixing chamber 4. At theairinet end of the heating chamber 10, and preferably formed integraltherewith, is an air channel 16, which communicates directly with theair and fuel passageway 3.. A two-way plug valve'17 is arranged near themouth 16 of the channel 16, and this plug valve is adapted to divert theincoming current of air either through the channels 14 and 15 of theheating chamber, or by-pass it through the chamber 16' direct to the airpassageway 3. When the han'dle '17 of the lug valve 17 occupies d byfull lines in Fig.

1', the air will be directed through the heating chamber 10, but when inthe position indicated by dotted lines the same figure, the air will bemade to pass direct The inflow of oil through he nozzle 5 is regulatedby means of the needle valve.

18, which is provided at its outer end with ortion or all of the exhaust2 the milled thumb nut 18?. The amount of oil drawn from the nozzle the'air current which flows through the assage way .3 is supplemented by an"a ditional amount drawn from said nozzle, by means of a jet of exhaustgas which is directed thereagainst.- A conduit 19 leadsjrom. the

interior of the exhaust gas channel, or

chamber, Ila-to a point closely adjacent to the nozzle 5, asclearlyshoWn-m :th'e several-figures. A jet of the-hot exhaust gases isthus projected against and over the nozzle, heating the same as well asthe oil-drawn therefrom, thus securing a much better spraying eife'ct.

the mixing'chamber occurs simultaneously with the exhaust from thecombustion chamber. This jet'of exhaust as is mixed with'the oil itdraws in and the ot mixture ofinert gaspsa'turated with oil, fills theair passageway as well as the mixing chamber and imparts heat to theinclosing walls.

I The succeeding aspiratory stroke of the- 1enginew'ill first draw inthis mixture of exhaust gas" and oil, which will be followed b fresh airand oil. The charge is thus formed of' two parts; viz, that initiallybustion chamber, but it dilutesth charge,-

the combustion is less rapid and'the violence of the shocks ismitigated. 1

Instead of the conduit 19 extending laterally from. the exhaust pipe, itis ,made

to lead from an abutting surface therein against which the gas impinges,and hence a more forcible jet is obtained. Such abutting surface -ishere formed by the end 11 of the chamber or channel 11.1f

In order to start the engine with k'eros'ene,-the air passageway isheated by'burn mg 011 or other combustible material the cure means ofthe straps 22 fixed thereon, as

(pan- 21, which can be detachably seshown by dotted lines in Fig. 1 theplug 20 of the vent 20 being removed. The vent 20 is provided in thewall of the mixing chamber between said nozzle and the com bustionchamber, and is normally closed by means of the plug 20 This 'vent isopen to allow the flames to pass through The entrance of the. exhaustgases through the conduit 19 to to the mouth 16 of the air inlet by I:of the exhaust heat the oil therein. By thus heating the wallsof themixing chamber and the nozzle .which contains the oil used to form thead initial charge, the engine can be start without diflicult'y onkerosene.

What I claimas my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:I

i 1. In an internal combustion en ine, in combination, a combustion chamer, an exhaust pipe leading therefrom,a v'erticall disposed fuelpassageway through whic the charge is admitted to the combustionchamber, a mixing'chamber located therein, an oil nozzle located in saidmixing chamber, a vent normallyfclosed but adapted to be opened whenstarting the engine, said vent formed in the wall of said mixing chamberat a point between the nozzle and said combustion chamber, anddetachable means.

adapted to'be secured to the mouth of said fuel passageway for receivingcombustible material employed to heat the air inlet and mixinlg chamberin starting the engine.

.2. 11 an internalcombustion en inc, in

combination, a combustion tcham er, an

exhaust pi e .leadin therefrom, a fuel passageway t rough w 'ch thecharge is admitted to thecombustion chamber, a mixing chamberlocatedtherein, anoil nozzle located in said mixing chamber, and a conduitconnecting the said exhaust pipe and mixing chamber for readmitting arelatively small portion of the exhaust gas to the combustion chamber,said conduit,

terminating in the mixing chamber adj acent hot exhaust gasthereagainstj I '3. In an internal combustion en ine, in combination, acombustion vcham er, an exhaust pipe leading therefrom, an air to thenozzle and in position to direct the heating chamber interposed in saidexhaust.

pipe and provided with an air and an exaust channel, the latterconstituting a portion "of the exhaust pipe, a mixing chambercommunicating with said combustion'chamber and with said air heatingchambenan oil nozzle located in the mixing chamber, a valve foradmitting either a portion or all of'the airinto t e heating chamber ordirect tothe mixing chamber,

and a conduit connecting the exhaust channel of the heating chamber withthe mixing chamber for readmitting a ortion gases to the com ustionchamber.

4. lnan internal combustion en ine, in.

combination, a combustion cham er, an exhaust 1pc leading therefrom, anair heating c amber inte osed in said exhaust pipe and provided Wit anair channel and an exhaust channel, the latter constituting a portion ofthe exhaust pipe, a

cham'oer leading to the combustion chamber and communicatin with theheating chamher, and also with the outer air, an oil nozzle located inthe mixing chamber, a "val-5e for introducing either a portion or all ofthe air through the air channel of the heating chamber or direct to themixing chamber, a separate 'Jal e for admitting either a portion or allof the exhaust gases into the'exhaust channel of the heating chamber,and a conduit connecting the exhaust channel of the heating chamber withthe mixing chamber for readmitting' a portion of the exhaust gases tothe combustion chamber.

5. In an internal combustion engine, in combination, a combustionchamber, an exhaust pipe leading therefrom, an air heating, chamberinterposed in said exhaust pi e and provided with a channel for theexhaust gases anda surrounding channel for the air, a mixing chamberleading to the combustion chamber and communicating with the heatingchamber and with the outer air, an oil nozzle located in the mixingchamber, a 'val.'e for introducin or all of the air either through t hechannel of the air heating chamber or direct to the a portion mixingchamber, and a conduit connecting the exhaust'channel of the heatingchamber i with the mixingchamber whereby a rela f tix'ely small ,portionof the exhaust gas is to the combustion chamber, said conduit leadlngfrom the abutment 1n said exhaust. p1 e and terminating in the mixingchamber at acent toithe said oil nozzle and in position to direct thehot exhaust gas thereagainst.

CHARLES I. LONGENECKER. itnesses: I I

GEO. MAPEs, I B. C. WAIT.

readmitted to the combustion chamber and g pipe and fuel as'sageway forreadmitting a J relatively smal portion of the exhaust gas

